简介：本节主要介绍早期单道系列人工耳蜗的研究和临床应用，对今日数字人工耳蜗仍有参考意义。

简介：目的探讨鼻内镜结合电子鼻咽喉镜在鼻窦手术中的应用。方法对32例上颌窦侧壁与底壁交界处囊肿，16例蝶窦囊肿，12例真菌球性上颌窦炎，采用鼻内镜和电子鼻咽喉镜相结合进行手术治疗。结果所有患者均一次手术成功，术中出血较少，平均约（20±3）mL。术后随访6个月，复查见鼻窦自然开口均无闭锁或粘连，所有患者均未见复发。结论鼻内镜结合电子鼻咽喉镜在鼻窦手术中，尤其是对上颌窦前壁、前壁与底壁交界处，蝶窦底壁、侧壁病灶的清除，能在尽可能减少窦口开窗范围的情况下，充分发挥各内镜的优点，以达到微创目的。

简介：AIM:ToinvestigatetheinterferingeffectofY-27632,aROCK-Iselectiveinhibitor,onthesignaltransductionpathwayoftransforminggrowthfactor-β1(TGF-β1)inocularTenoncapsulefibroblasts(OTFS)invitro.METHODS:AfterOTFSfrompassages4to6invitrowereinducedbyTGF-β1andthentreatedbyY-27632,thechangesoftheOTFScellcycleswereanalyzedviaflowcytometry,andtheproteinsexpressionoftheα-smoothmuscularactin(α-SMA),connectivetissuegrowthfactor(CTGF),collagenIwerecalculatedbyWesternblot.AfterOTFStreatedbythedifferentconcentrationsofY-27632,theexpressionlevelsoftheα-SMA,CTGFandcollagenImRNAwereassayedbyRT-PCR.RESULTS:Y-27632hadnomarkedlyeffectontheOTFScellcycles.AftertreatedbyTGF-β1,OTFSinG1periodsignificantlyincreased.ThecellcyclesdistributionbybothTGF-β1andY-27632hadnoremarkabledifferencefromthatincontrolgroup.Y-27632significantlyinhibitedtheproteinsexpressionsofbothα-SMAandCTGF,whiletosomeextentinhibitedthatofcollagenI.TGF-β1significantlypromotedtheproteinsexpressionsofα-SMA,CTGFandcollagenI.AfterOTFStreatedbybothTGF-β1andY-27632,ofα-SMA,theproteinexpressionwassimilarwiththatincontrolgroup(P=0.066>0.05),buttheproteinexpressionofCTGForcollagenI,respectively,wassignificantlydifferentfromthatincontrolgroup(P=0.000<0.01).Thedifferencesofexpressionsoftheα-SMA,CTGFandcollagenImRNAin30,150,750μmol/LY-27632groupwerestatisticallysignificant,comparedwiththoseincontrolgroup,respectively(α-SMA,P=0.002,0.000,0.000;CTGF,P=0.014,0.002,0.001;collagenI,P=0.003,0.002,0.000).CONCLUSION:BlockingtheRho/ROCKsignalingpathwaybyusingofY-27632couldinhibitthecellularproliferationandtheexpressionofbothCTGFandα-SMAwhateverOTFSinducedbyTGF-β1ornot.Y-27632suppressedtheexpressionofcollagenImRNAwithoutinduction.