简介:听力障碍的患病率较高,约占社会人群总数的6%~10%,导致听力障碍者的言语交流能力大幅下降,进而严重影响了他(她)们的工作和生活。如果听力障碍者好耳侧在500~4000Hz频率范围内的平均听力损失大于40dBHL,则被称为听力残疾。第二次全国残疾人抽样调查(2006年)数据显示,我国听力残疾人口2780万,其中0~6岁儿童13.7万,60岁及以上老年人2045万,且大多为感音神经性聋,需要验配合适的助听器,以提高他们的听敏度并改善其言语交流状况。面对需要服务的庞大群体,
简介:ObjectivesLangerhans'Cellhistiocytosis(LCH)isararedisease,whichremainspoorlyunderstoodandwhosecellularoriginremainsunknown.ToincreaseunderstandingoftemporalboneLCH,itisnecessarytostudyrecentadvancesinthediagnosisandtreatmentofthisdisease.MethodsThelongterm(5to30years)resultsof21temporalboneLCHcasestreatedbetween1973and2003werereviewed.Surgery,radiotherapy,pharmacologictherapyoracombinationofthesetreatmentswereemployedinthesecases.ResultsEighteenpatientswerecured(18/21,85%).Sixpatientsdevelopedresidualdiabetesinsipidus(DI)anddwarfism(28%).Threepatientsdied(14%).ConclusionsTheAlessiclassificationsystemforLCHbasedontheextentofdiseaseaccuratelypredictsprognosisandisausefulguideinselectingtreatmentmethodologies.X-ray,computedtomographyandmagneticresonanceimaginghaveprovedusefulindefiningtheextentofosseousandsofttissuediseases.DiagnosisofLCHisbasedonclinicalpresentations,radiographicfindingsandhistopathologicalresults.Surgeryandradiotherapyarethemaintreatmentmodalities.Pharmacologictherapyshouldbeusedinpatientswithaggressive,disseminate,andrefractorylesions.LCHhasapredilectionforchildrenandprognosisdependsonageandextentofvitalorganinvolvement.
简介:ObjectiveChronictinnitusisahighlyprevalentconditionandhasbeenhypothesizedtoresultfromaninnatedisturbanceincentralnervousserotonergictransmission.Giventhefrequentcomorbiditywithmajordepressionandanxiety,wearguethatcandidategenesforthesedisordersarelikelytooverlap.Thepresentstudyaddressesthegeneencodingforthe5-HT1Areceptorasaputativeriskfactorfortinnitus.MethodsIn88subjectswithadiagnosisofchronicsubjectivetinnituswhounderwentadetailedneurootologicalexamination,theentire5-HT1AgenewasamplifiedusingoverlappingPCRproducts.Ampliconswerecustomsequencedbidirectionallyandwerescreenedforvariantsinmultiplealignmentsagainstthehumangenomereference.ResultsWeidentifiedasynonymousC>Texchangeatresidue184(Pro)in7/88subjects,butdetectednomissensevariantsinthepopulationunderstudy.Specifically,thefollowingresidueswerefullyconserved:16(Pro),22(Gly),28(Ile),98(Val),220(Arg),267(Val),273(Gly),and418(Asn).DiscussionThepresentdatacountagainstthecausationofchronictinnitusbyachangeinthe5-HT1Areceptor'saminoacidsequence.However,theallelefrequencyforthe184Prominorallele(0.04)reachedtwicethefrequencyreportedincontrolcohortsfromthesameethnicity.Additionalinvestigationsareinvitedtoclarifytheroleofthe5-HT1Apolymorphisminlargersamples,andtocontrolforcomorbidaffectivedisorders.
简介:摘要目的MRI、CT与钼靶X线在乳腺疾病诊断中的价值。方法本文选取我院于2013年08月~2014年08月收治的36例乳腺疾病患者,所有患者在手术开始前实施MRI、CT与钼靶X线三种不同方式的诊断检查,进一步和手术后病理结果进行对比分析。结果三种不同检查方法诊断结果和术后病理结果对比后发现采用MRI、CT两种检查方法的诊断结果和术后病理结果之间没有显著性差异,同时钼靶X线诊断结果和MRI、CT以及术后病理结果之间都存在显著性差异(P<0.05),具有统计学意义。结论乳腺疾病患者采用MRI、CT与钼靶X线不同检查方法检查后,其中钼靶X线可以用于早期乳腺疾病诊断,而MRI和CT两种检查方法具有较高的乳腺疾病检出率和诊断特异性,值得在临床中推广应用。
简介:1病例报道患者,男,44岁。因右面部肿块1个月于医院就诊,行CT检查发现右侧上颌窦肿块,于2015年9月4日入院。右侧面部颧骨下方可触及约4cm×4cm×3cm的略韧肿块,无压痛。鼻腔检查未见异常,颈部无异常。CT显示右侧上颔窦前壁大小约3cm×2cm×2cm肿块,内有钙化斑块(图1)。
简介:目的:探讨中国人X连锁Alport综合征患者的听力表型与皮肤组织Ⅳ型胶原α5链表达的关系。方法收集2008年8月至2013年8月期间确诊为X连锁Alport综合征的31例患者临床资料,采用纯音听阈测试或ABR+40Hz相关电位检查+声导抗+耳声发射的方式进行听力评估,并采用免疫组化染色检测皮肤组织基膜Ⅳ型胶原α5链的表达,采用Pearson相关分析方法分析二者的关系。结果31例X连锁Alport综合征中听力下降患者均表现为轻、中度感音神经性聋。听觉损害共28例(90.3%),其中22例男性中中度12例,轻度5例,轻微损害5例;女性6例,轻度3例,轻微损害3例。按皮肤Ⅳ胶原α5链染色分级,阴性17例均为男性,其中听力正常4例(3例OAE异常),听力下降13例(轻度4例,中度9例);大部阴性与可疑阳性各1例,均为男性,分别为中度和轻度;连续&#177;2例(男性),正常和中度各1例;间断阳性3例均为女性,均为正常或轻度;连续++7例(男3,女4),其中听力正常4例,听力下降3例(2例轻度,1例中度)。染色阴性的11例听力下降患者听阈与年龄呈正相关(P=0.043,r=0.616)。结论X连锁Alport综合征患者皮肤组织Ⅳ胶原α5链的表达男性低于女性,听力表现与皮肤组织Ⅳ胶原α5链的表达有一定的关系,其中Ⅳ胶原α5链表达阴性的患者听力下降程度与年龄存在相关性,但也存在听力正常的患者,说明还有其他因素影响患者的听力。皮肤组织中Ⅳ胶原α5链表达在一定程度上能反映耳蜗基底膜中Ⅳ胶原α5链的表达和功能。
简介:Objective:Basedontheclinicalmanifestationsofahearinglosspatient,thePOU3F4genewastestedfordiagnosisofetiology.Methods:Acomprehensivephysicalexaminationwasperformedontheprobandtoexcludeabnormalitiesofotherorgans,anddetailedaudiologicaltestingandtemporalboneCTscanwerealsoperformed.GenomicDNAwasextractedusingtheproband’speripheralbloodleukocytes.Polymerasechainreactions(PCR)wereperformedinthecodingsequenceofthePOU3F4gene.DirectDNAsequencingwassubsequentlyappliedtoscreentheentirecodingregionofthePOU3F4gene.Results:Theprobandhadseveresensorineuralhearingloss.TemporalCTshowedbilateralcochlearincompletepartition,vestibuledysplasia,internalauditorycanalfundusexpansion,andcochlearinterlinkwiththeinternalauditorycanalfundus.Anovelmutation(c.530C>A(p.S177X))inthePOU3F4genewasfoundinthispatient,creatingannewstopcodonandwaspredictedtoresultinatruncatedproteinlackingnormalPOU3F4transcriptionfactorfunction.Conclusion:ThroughanalysisofthePOU3F4geneandclinicalmanifestationsinthepatient,weconcludethatanovelmutationmayhaveresultedinaprematurestopcodon,contributingtothemutationofPOU3F4gene.
简介:摘要目的通过观察超顺磁性壳聚糖质粒(pDsVEGF165Red1-N1)明胶微球(SPCPGM)与磷酸钙骨水泥的复合支架在外加振荡磁场下修复颅骨缺损的作用,探讨其成骨效果。方法将50只新西兰大白兔随机分为5组,并制成颅内颅骨缺损模型,分别植入超顺磁性壳聚糖质粒明胶微球(SPCPGM-VEGF165)/多孔磷酸钙骨水泥(CPC)复合支架、超顺磁性壳聚糖明胶微球((SPCPG)/多孔磷酸钙骨水泥(CPC)复合支架、多孔磷酸妈骨水泥(CPC)支架,经振荡磁场处理。于术后2周、4周、8周、12周时通过大体、X线检测、组织切片观察血管化及成骨情况,图像分析系统分析、求积仪测量对骨缺损处成骨情况进行测定,评估各组成骨的情况。结果在振荡磁场下超顺磁性壳聚糖质粒明胶微球(SPCPGM-VEGF165)/多孔磷酸钙骨水泥(CPC)复合支架组支架开始降解吸收速度、血管化、成骨作用优于对照组。结论在振荡磁场下超顺磁性壳聚糖质粒明胶控释微球局部控释增加了持续作用时间,同时促进了质粒VEGF165细胞转染,从而促进新生骨血管化及成骨的作用,可用于颅骨缺损修复。
简介:ObjectivesToinvestigatetheexpressionofhistamineH1receptors(H1R)inthevestibularnucleusofbrainsteminratsandtheroleofH1Rinmotionsickness(MS).MethodsAtotalof24healthySprague-Dawleyratsweredividedrandomlyintofourgroups(n=6each)whichdeterminediftheanimalswouldreceiveinductionofMSordrug(promethazine)treatment:MS(-)/Drug(-);MS(+)/Drug(-);MS(-)/Drug(+at0.25mg);andMS(+)/Drug(+).MSwasinducedbycomplexmotionstimulationandtheconditionedtasteaversionwasusedasabehavioralindicatorofMS.Thevolumeof0.15%sodiumsaccharinsolution(SS)intakewithin45minutesaftermotionstimulationwasmeasured.H1Rinthevestibularnucleuswasexaminedbyimmunofluorescencestaining.TheexpressionofH1Rproteininbrainstemtissueatvestibularnucleuslevelwasdetectedbywesternblot.ResultsThemeanSSintakevolumeintheMS(+)/Drug(-)group(8.8ml)wassignificantlylessthanthatoftheMS(-)/Drug(-)group(15.1ml)(P<0.01).ThemeanSSintakevolumeoftheMS(-)/Drug(+)group(14.8ml)wassimilartothatoftheMS(-)/Drug(-)group.ThemeanSSintakevolume(9.6ml)oftheMS(+)/Drug(+)groupwasmorethanthatoftheMS(+)/Drug(-)group(P<0.01),butlessthanthatoftheMS(-)/Drug(-)grouporMS(-)/Drug(+)group(P<0.01).ImmunofluorescencestainingshowedpositiveexpressionofH1Rinthevestibularnucleusofbrainstemandtheexpressionwasenhancedbymotionstimulation.WesternblotanalysisshowedthatH1Rproteinexpressedinthebrainstemtissueatvestibularnucleuslevelandtheexpressionalsoincreasedsignificantlyaftermotionstimulation.TheMS-inducedincreaseofH1Rwasnotaffectedsignificantlybypromethazine.ConclusionsH1RsexistinthevestibularnucleusinratsandH1Rexpressionisup-regulatedbymotionstimulation,butnotaffectedbypromethazine.ThefindingsindicatethatthehistaminergicsystemisinvolvedinMS.Promethazine,asanH1Rblocker,mayplayitsanti-MSrolebycompetingthebindingsiteon
简介:目的研究腺病毒携带Math1-EGFP基因经完整圆窗膜途径及鼓阶打孔途径导入耳蜗后对听功能和转导效率的影响,为内耳基因治疗提供实验基础和理论依据。方法健康成年白色红目豚鼠40只,雌雄不限,体重250—300g。随机分成四组,完整圆窗膜组12只,鼓阶打孔组12只,各组分别设对照8只。实验组(24只)导入重组腺病毒携带的Math1基因及增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因(enhancedgreenfluorescentprotein,EGFP),对照组(16只)导入人工外淋巴液,所有动物均以左耳作为导入耳。术前及术后分别行听性脑干反应(ABR)检查。分别于术后5天、14天取双侧耳蜗标本做基底膜铺片观察基因表达情况。结果完整圆窗膜组导入耳ABR阈值,术后5天各频率与术前比较无显著性差异(P〉0.05);鼓阶打孔组导入耳ABR阈值,术后5天在2kHz、4kHz与术前比较无差异(P〉0.05),8kHz较术前增高(P〈0.05),16kHz、20kHz较术前明显增高(P〈0.01),术后14天在16kHz、20kHz较术后5天时明显好转(P〈0.01),但较术前仍有增高(P〈0.05)。转导成功率鼓阶打孔组为91.6%,优于完整圆窗膜组的50%。两种转导途径对目的基因在耳蜗内的表达部位和表达时间没有显著影响。结论完整圆窗膜途径及鼓阶打孔途径在转导成功率及听功能保护方面各有优劣。完整圆窗膜途径因其对耳蜗的损伤极小,在临床应用方面具有更好的发展前景。