简介：在分数维的点模式在点过程当模特儿和参数评价的统计方法当模特儿之间的关系被考察。由使用RipleysK功能的簇分数维图形尺寸的统计评价与更通常使用的方法比较有优点数盒子并且因为它为边效果，不是仅仅为矩形的学习区域而且为学习区域改正，弄弯的边界由地区性的地质学决定了，聚类分数维的尺寸评价。申请对点模式的分数维的尺寸有的估计数盒子一般来说，它服从于相对强壮的滚边的劣势为更小的框完成。例如在这份报纸使用的点模式主要为在加拿大的盾上的Abitibi暴烈的带的金存款。另外，这被建议，全球podiformCr的本地点模式，巨大的硫醚和斑岩铜扔的volcanogenic，它不规则地空间地分布式在以内塑造了有利的道，与类似的分数维的尺寸满足分数维的聚类模型。存款尺寸(金属吨位)的问题也被考虑。几个例子Pareto分发在金属尺寸频率分发建模为最大的存款在提供好结果的盒子被提供。

简介：ThispaperprovidesasyntheticreviewofresearchesonMeishanSectionD,theGlobalStratotypeSectionandPointofthePermian-TriassicBoundary(PTB).Thehistoryofresearch,geographicandgeologicalsettingofthesectionarebrieflyintroduced.Changhsingianto'Griesbachian'conodontandammonoidzonations,themostperfectPermo-Triassiczonationsovertheworld,arepresented,withashortdiscussionontheageofOtoceras.TheChanghsingianto'Griesbachian'strataaresubdividedintothree3rdordersequences,andthesedimentarystructureofeachsequenceisindicated.ThepaperpresentsacorrelationoftheChanghsingianto'Griesbachian'magnetostratigraphyoftheMeishansectionwiththegeneralscale,andinformedthenegationofashortmagneticreversalatthePTBsuggestedbyZhuandLiu(1999).Recentdevelopmentsofchemostratigraphyofδ13Candδ34Sareintroduced,especiallythediscoveryofmorethanonenegativeδ13CexcursionsacrossthePTB.Twoimportantmolecularresearchesrevealtheprofoundchangesatthebaseofeco-system,themicrobialcatastrophy,andtheeuxinicconditionsinthephoticzoneduringthePermian-Triassicsuperanoxicevent.ThepaperreportsthechangesindatingtheageofPTBsince2001.Accordingtorecentachievements,theageofvolcanogenicclaybed25,14cmbelowthePTB,isnowsetat252.4±0.3Ma.Adiscussionontheeventostratigraphyconcludesthat,althoughthereisamajoreventepisodeatbeds25-26,theeventsacrossthePTBatMeishanaremulti-episodicandcommencedpriortotheEventBeds25-26,thusthepossibilitythatthemassextinctionwasmainlyinducedbyanexterrestrialimpactislargelyexcluded.

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简介：PointbarsarewelldevelopedontheYellowRiverdelta,amongwhichtheShengliIpointbaristhemosttypical.Thepointbar,beingabout4kminlengthandseveraltenstomorethan100metersinwidth,islocatedonthesouthsideoftheShengliBridgeinKenliCounty,Dongying,Shandong.Itisatypicalfine-grainedpointbarwithsilt,whichispredominant,someclayandminorplantdebrisandclayboulders.TheShengliIpointbarhascomplicated3-Dstructures.Firstly,inaplaneview,itcomprisesmainlyeightsedimentaryunits,baredge,barridge,barplatform,barplain,barchannel,bargully,barpondandbarbay,developingsidebysideandsuperimposedonebyoneinacomplexway.Secondly,itsverticalstructuresareverycomplexduetothepartialsuperimpositionofthe8sedimentaryunits.Besideshydatogenesis,veryintensivewinderosion,eolian,iceandmeltwateractionsarealsovisibleontheShengliIpointbar.Thecomplexformismadeevenmorecomplicatedbecauseoftheaboveco-actions.

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简介：TheGSSPoftheTortonianStage,whichperdefinitionmarksthebaseoftheTortonianand,hence,theboundarybetweentheSerravallianandTortonianStagesoftheMiddleandUpperMioceneSubseries,hasrecentlybeendefinedandratifiedbytheIUGS.Theboundarystratotype-sectionisMontedeiCorvi(Italy)wheretheTortonianGSSPisnowformallyatthemid-pointofthesapropelofsmall-scalesedimentarycycleno.76,closetothelastcommonoccurrences(LCOs)ofthecalcareousnannofossilDiscoasterkugleriandtheplanktonicforaminiferGlobigerinoidessubquadratusandassociatedwiththeshortnormalsubchronC5r.2n.TheGSSPlevelcoincidescloselywithoxygenisotopeeventMi-5andtheassociatedglacio-eustaticsea-levellow-standofsupercycleT3.1andconcurrentdeep-seahiatusNH4,andisdatedastronomicallyat11.608Ma.TheMonteGibliscemisectionisacceptedasanauxiliaryboundarystratotypebecausethebetterpreservationofthecalcareousmicrofossilsinthissectionenablesquantitativeanalysesandtheconstructionofastableisotoperecord.

简介：鸟点新的马德里洪水道(BP-NMF)和Yolo绕过，在密西西比和萨克拉门托河里定位了分别地，是曾经是广阔沼泽地的每部分，但是现在间歇地为洪水控制被使用的农业区域。这里，类似停止，BP-NMF被用来在将近80年里传送洪水仅仅两次，当时Yolo绕过每隔一年平均被用于这个目的。后果是极大地不同。在2011，BP-NMF通过它的早朝的保险丝塞子部分的爆炸爆炸被激活，导致提高的性质和经济损坏，庄稼损失，和诉讼。跟随BP-NMF的开始的高精力的流动在BP-NMF的开始的附近搜索粗糙的沉积并且在洪水道以内扔这材料，在农业地上包括。一般来说，许多BP-NMF的环境提供差的野生动物产地。相反，Yolo的平淡的操作绕过被期望，避免损坏和诉讼，供应器官富人的沉积到地，并且提供好野生动物产地。二个系统之间的差别被归因于Yolo上的条件绕过的天赋的更好的近似。

简介：FollowingtherecommendationoftheInternationalCommissiononStratigraphy(16votesYes[94%],1abstention,2votesnotreceived),theGlobalboundaryStratotypeSectionandPoint(GSSP)forthebaseoftheTuronianStageoftheCretaceousSystemisdefinedasthebaseofbed86oftheBridgeCreekLimestoneMemberoftheGreenhornLimestoneFormationatthewesternendoftheDenverandRioGrandeRailroadcutnearthenorthboundaryofthePuebloReservoirStateParkRecreationArea,westofPueblo,Colorado,USA.ThisGSSPhorizonisalsoexposedandprotectedintheadjacentstaterecreationarea.ItcoincideswiththefirstoccurrenceoftheammoniteWatinocerasdevonense,isinthemiddleofaglobalpositiveexcursioninCarbon-13isotopes,andisbracketedbywidespreadbentonitesthathaveyieldedagesof93to93.5Ma.

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简介：FollowingtheunanimousrecommendationoftheInternationalCommissiononStratigraphy,theGlobalboundaryStratotypeSectionandPoint(GSSP)forthebaseoftheCenomanianStageisdefinedatalevel36metresbelowthetopoftheMarnesBleuesFormation,alevelthatcorrespondstothethefirstappearanceoftheplanktonicforaminiferanRotaliporaglobotruncanoidesSigal,1948,onthesouthsideofMontRisou,eastofRosans,Haute-Alpes,France,whereitcanbeplacedinthecontextofaseriesofsecondarymarkerlevelsbasedonnannofossils,planktonicforaminifera,ammonites,andanornateδ^13Ccurve.

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简介：Takinghundredsofpiecesofhazardousgeologicalmaps(1:10000)ofThreeGorgesres-ervoirarea(3GR)asbackground,weestablishregionalthree-dimensional(3D)geo-hazardmodelusingDEM(digitalelevationmodel)superposedsurfaceimagesandgeo-hazardselements.Basedonlandslidesandothergeo-hazardsurveydata,usingimprovedB-REP(boundaryrepresenta-tion)entitydatastructure(two-body3Ddatastructure),wesetup3Dsolidmodelsforeachhazardousbodiesineachhazardousgeologicalmaps.Thenweintegratethetwotypesof3Dmodelswithdifferentscalesfromareatopoint,whicharetheregionalgeo-hazard3Dmodelandthesolidmodelsofeachdisasterbody,inordertoprovideavisualprocessingandanalysisplat-formfordangerpartition,stabilityevaluation,disasterpreventionandcontrol,earlywarningandcommand.

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