简介：Nowadays,thedisparityofthebasicpensioninlocalregionsofChinacanbedescribedasfollows:thelowleveloftheunificationofthebasicpensionsystems,thelargedisparityofthelevelofthebasicpension,andunfairnessoftheenterprises’paymentforthebasicpensionindifferentlocalregionsinChina.Thesehavealreadybroughtmanynegativeinfluences,whichhavegreatlyheldbackthedevelopmentofthesocietyandnationaleconomy.WeshouldbuildthebasicpensionsysteminalllocalregionsofChinaasawhole,whichcancoverallpeopleanddecreasethedisparityindifferentlocalregionsinChina.

简介：ThepaperanalysestheperiodicalcharacteristicsoftheeconomicdevelopmentofShandongProvincebyusingthemini-mumvariationanalysismodel.Theanalysisshowsthattheeco-nomicdevelopmentprocessofShandongProvincehasshort,mediumandlongcyclesrespectivelyfor6,12,19years,andthefluctuationoftheeconomicdevelopmentbecomesgentlerwithtimepassingby.Thefluctuationofmacro-controlpolicy,invest-mentandconsumptionarethemainreasonsoftheeconomicfluc-tuation.

简介：Theincreasingawarenessofclimatechangehasledorganizationstodemandastandardproceduretomeasureandcommunicategreenhousegas(GHG)emissionslinkedtotheirproductsorservices.ThepubliclyavailablespecificationPAS2050hasbeendevelopedinresponsetobroadcommunityandindustrydesireforaconsistentmethod-carbonfootprintforassessingthelifecycleGHGemissionsofgoodsandservices.Specifically,thispaperillustratestheimplementationofcarbonfootprintforababystrollerinaccordancewithPAS2050.Afialvalueof321kgperonestrollerincludingpackagewascalculated.Moreover,thestudyledtoidentifyrawmaterialsproductionofthestrollerasthemainsourceofGHSemissionswhereeffortsneedtofocusforemissionreductionopportunities.Thiscasestudyishopedtobeastartingpointfororganizationstobenefitfromtheincreasingapplicationofcarbonfootprintassessment.

简介：ThisstudyproposedadecompositionmethodbasedonthenormalizedquadraticshadowunitcostfunctiontoexplorethedeterminantsofthechangeinenergyintensityinChinafrom1985to2010.Thedecompositionanalysisindicatesthat(1)theimprovementintechnicalefficiencydramaticallyreducedtheenergyintensity,whereastechnologicalchangeplayedonlyaminorrole,whichcouldbeattributedtoareboundeffect;(2)theaggregatedallocationeffectwassmallbecausethechangeintheallocativedistortionbetweencapitalandenergysignificantlyenhancedenergyintensitybutwaspartlyoffsetbytheeffectstemmingfromthechangeintheallocativedistortionbetweencapitalandenergy;and(3)thesubstitutionofenergyforlaborincreasedenergyintensity,buttheaggregatedsubstitutioneffectsignificantlyreducedenergyintensitybecausethesubstitutionofcapitalforenergyreducedenergyintensitytoagreatextent.Thesefindingswereobtainedatthenationallevelandvariedatdieregionallevel.

简介：Inrecentyears,scientistshavebeenincreasinglyinterestedintheenergyembodiedintradedgoodsamongcountries.Inthisarticle,thedirectenergyintensitiesinvariouseconomicsectorsofChinawerecalculatedwiththedataofenergyconsumptionandoutputvalueofeachsector,andtheinput-outputtablewasusedtoestimatetheexternalenergyconsumption.Thetotalenergyintensityofallsectorswasthenobtained.Fromthedataofinternationaltrade,theenergyembodiedingoodstradeofChinawasestimatedfortheperiodof1994-2001.Duringthisperiod,theaverageenergyintensityofimportedgoodswasalwayshigherthanthatofexportedones.Asacountrywithasurplusininternationalgoodstrade,Chinaactuallyimportednetembodiedenergyinthepastfewyears.Thenetembodiedenergyimportedwasatthesamemagnitudeoftheimportedenergyintheformoffossilfuels.

简介：Thenaturalsupplyoflandresourcesislimited,buttheeconomicsupplymaychangealongwithsocialandeconomicdevelopment,anditssizeisdecidedbyenatureandsocialandeconomicbodyconditions.Whenthesupplyingabilityoflandresourcesthreatensthedevelopmentofsocietyandtheconflictbetweenpeopleandlandbecomestense,itforcedpeopletoim-provelandutilizationandtoincreasetheeffectivesupplyoflandresources.ThepapermadeanoverallconsiderationonthecharacteristicsoftheirrigatedfarmingandthefrailecologicalenvironmentinFuhaiCounty,AltayArea,XinjiangUigurAutonomousRegionandexploredlandarrangementplanningaswellaswaterresourceplanningandenvironmentalprotection.Thepaperevaluatednaturalresources,landutilizationandwaterresourceofthecasestudyareasandfocusedonthespatio-temporalbalancebetweentheutilizationofwaterandlandresources.Intheendthepaperafeasibleplanwasmadeoutforthelandarrangementproject.

简介：

简介：Developinglow-carboneconomyandenhancingcarbonproductivityarebasicapproachestocoordinatingeconomicdevelopmentandprotectingglobalenvironment,whicharealsothemajorwaystoaddressclimatechangeundertheframeworkofsustainabledevelopment.Inthispaper,theauthorsanalyzetheannualrateofcarbonproductivitygrowth,thedifferencesofcarbonproductivityofdifferentcountries,andthefactorsforenhancingcarbonproductivity.Consequently,theauthorsclarifytheirviewpointthattheannualrateofcarbonproductivitygrowthcanbeusedtoweightheeffortsthatacountrytakestoaddressclimatechange,andproposepoliciesandsuggestionsonpromotingcarbonproduction.

简介：Thisarticledevelopedadecompositionmodelofenergyproductivityonthebasisoftheeconomicgrowthmodel.FourfactorswereconsideredwhichmayinfluenceChina’senergyproductivityaccordingtothismodel:technologyimprovement,resourceallocationstructure,industrialstructureandinstitutearrangement.Then,aneconometricmodelwasemployedtotestthefourfactorsempiricallyonthebasisofChina’sstatisticaldatafrom1978to2004.Resultsindicatedthatcapitaldeepeningcon-tributesthemost(207%)toenergyefficiencyimprovement,andimpactfromlaborforces(13%)istheweakestoneinresourcefactor;industrialstructure(7%)andinstituteinnovation(9.5%)positivelyimprovetheenergyproductivity.

简介：Withtheimplementationofreformandopening-up,theoveralleconomyofChinahasmadebrilliantachievements;meanwhile,however,theeconomicdisparityhasbeenenlargingamongsomeregions,andbetweenthecityandthecountryside.Theexistenceandevolutionofthiskindofeconomicdisparityisconcernedwithsocialstability,sustainabledevelopmentandtheconstructionofharmonioussociety,whichhasgraduallybecomethehotspotinsocialeconomicdevelopment.TheWestCoastoftheStrait(WCS)locatedinsoutheastlittoralareasisadjacenttothePearlandYangtzeRiverDeltainthesouthandnorthandfacesTaiwanProvinceintheeast.Thestabilityanddevelopmentofthisregionhasvitalpoliticalandeconomicmeaninginthesocialeco-nomicdevelopmentofourcountry.Ithasimportanttheoreticalmeaningandpracticalvaluetoresearchtheform,characteristicsandevolutionofregionaleconomicdisparityintheWCS.BasedoninsightfulanalysisonexistingstudyresultsontheWCS,thepaperdefinestheconnotationandextension.Byaseriesofabso-luteandcomparativerelativeevaluationindexesandtakingtheWCSsince1992asthestudyobject,thepapermakesanalysisondifferentscalesincludingthreeregions,fourregions,20citiesand152counties,quantitativelyevaluatesthelevel,characteristicsandevolutionoftheregionaleconomicdisparityandcomparestheregionaleconomicdisparityondifferentscales.Themainconclu-sionsareasfollows:thevariationtrendoftheabsolutedisparityofthewholeregionisobviousandstable,whichhaspresentedaninflatingtrend;thecomparativevariationtrendonalargescalehaswaved,Thecomparativedisparityofthethreeregionsin-creasedannuallyfrom1992toaround2000,whichhadadecreas-ingtrendfromaround2000to2005;thecomparativevariationtrendonasmallscalewasnotstable,whichshowedanannualincreaseoffourregions,20citiesand152countiesfrom1992toaround2003andadecreasefromaround2003to2005;ther

简介：Thetransportationindustryisanessentialsectorforcarbonemissionsmitigation.ThispaperfirstlyusedtheLMDI(LogarithmicMeanDivisiaIndex)decompositionmethodtoestablishfactorsdecompositionmodelonChina’stransportationcarbonemission.Then,aquantitativeanalysiswasperformedtostudythefactorsinfluencingChina’stransportationcarbonemissionsfrom1991to2008,whichareidentifiedastransportationenergyefficiency,transportationstructureandtransportationdevelopment.Theresultsshowedthat:(1)Theimpactoftransportationdevelopmentontransportationcarbonemissionsshowedpullingfunction.Itscontributionvaluetocarbonemissionsremainedathighgrowthsince1991andshowedanexponentialgrowthtrend.(2)Theimpactoftransportationstructureontransportationcarbonemissionsshowedpromotingfunctioningeneral,butitsroleinpromotingcarbonemissionsdecreasedyearbyyear.Andwiththecontinuousoptimizationoftransportationstructure,thepromotingeffectdecreasedgraduallyandshowedtheinversed"U"trend.(3)Theimpactoftransportationenergyefficiencyontransportationcarbonemissionsshowedafunctionofinhibitionbeforepulling.Inordertopredictthepotentialofcarbonemissionreduction,threescenarioswereset.Analysisofthescenariosshowedthatifgreaterintensityemissionreductionmeasuresaretaken,thecarbonemissionswillreduceby31.01milliontonsby2015andby48.81milliontonsby2020.

简介：Producinggoodsandservicesallneedswaterconsumption.Thewaterusedintheprocessofanagriculturalorindustrialproductiscalledthe"VirtualWater"containedinthisproduct.Throughinternationaltrade,water-scarcecountriesandregionscouldpurchasewater-intensiveproducts--especiallyfoods,fromwater-richcountriestobalancetheirwaterdeficitsandachievewatersafety.Chinaisoneofthe13mostwater-deficitcountrieswhosewatersafetyhavebeenseverelychallenged.Thispapergeneralizedtherecentglobalresearchdevelopmentandmadeabriefintroductionaboutthemethodscalculatingvirtualwatercontentinspecificproducts.Asacasestudy,wequalifiedChina'sannualvirtualwaterflowsfromyear2000to2002withtradeincrops,andendedwithsomepolicyadviceforapplicationandpracticeofvirtualwaterstrategy.

简介：TheimportanceofsolvingtheemploymentproblemsbynongovernmentaleconomyinChinahasarousedtheconcernofmanyscholarswidely.However,fewliteraturescouldbefoundtodealwiththeimpactsonnonagriculturalemploymentgrowthinChinabynongovernmentaleconomyfromseverallevelssuchasthewholenation,urbanandrural.Basedontheresearchaccessedontherelationshipsbetweennongovernmentaleconomyandem-ployment,theimpactsofthedevelopmentofnongovernmentaleconomyonnon-agriculturalemploymentgrowthinChinaareemphasizedinthispaper.Takingtimeseriesdataofnon-agriculturalemploymentinChina’sdifferenteconomytypesin1992–2005asstudyobjects,byestablishingeconometricre-gressionmodels,somemeaningfulpointsarefoundasfollows,theimpactsofnongovernmentaleconomyonthenonagriculturalemploymentineithernationalorurban-rurallevelarerathersig-nificantalthoughtheirimpacts’degreesaredifferent.Basedontheresearchfindingsabove,somecountermeasuresareproposedtoacceleratethenongovernmentaleconomicdevelopmentandim-proveitsabilitytoabsorbnonagriculturalemployment.

简介：Thispapergivesasystematicviewofthenewtrendsofglobalcarbonfinanceinnovationunderthechallengeofglobalclimatechangeandintheprocessoftransitiontoachieveeconomicgrowthfrom'highcarbon'to'lowcarbon',coveringthefollowingaspects:thestructure,statusquoanddevelopingtrendofglobalcarbonmarket.Thepaperdiscussestheinnovationinfinancialorganizationandservicesystemsandgovernments'overallguidanceandpolicysupport,anddrawstheconclusionthattheworldisundergoingmassivechangeswithgovernmentsactivelyrespondingtocarbonfinancetoembracethetremendousopportunitiesforcleanenergyandclimatechangeinfinancialindustry.Toseizetheopportunity,acompleteandoverallcarbonfinancesystemofChinashouldbeputinthetopoftheagenda.Giventhecurrenttasksofenergyconservationandpollutionreductionandthegrowingdemandforcapitalinput,Chinaneedstoconstructanclearofpolicyguidance,adiversifiedfinanciaservicesystem,andamulti-approachcarbonfinancesystemtointensifyandwidentheparticipationoffinancialindustry,toexpandfinancingchannelsforsustainableeconomyandspreadrisks,andfinally,workoutaninexpensivesolutiontotherealizationofChina'slowcarbontarget.

简介：WithfrequentdisastrousweathersandincreasinglyprominentGHGeffectsinrecentyears,normalexistenceanddevelopmentofmankindarefacingunprecedentedthreatsandchallenges.GHGemissionsmitigationfortheglobalclimatechangeshasbeenthefocusofconcernoftheworld.Asthebiggestdevelopingcountryandthesecondlargestcountryofcarbon-emission,Chinaattachesimportancetothecarbonemissionreduction.ThemajorGHGcomponentiscarbondioxideandinChina,theemissionofcarbondioxideismainlyfromindustrialproduction.Inthepaper,thestatusandtrendofCo2emissionfromindustrialdepartments,high-carbonemissionanditsspecificindustriesareshowninstatistics.Meanwhile,thepolicyenvironment,industrialorganizationstructureandtechnologyofcarbonhighemissionarealldiscussedbasedonpracticalsituationsinthesedepartmentsandindustries.Attheend,throughtheanalysisofgraycorrelation,correlativityisexploredforbothfossilenergyconsumptionandtotalcarbonemission,andalsofortheproductionvalueandcarbonemissionofeachindustrialsector.Somepolicyproposalsfortheestablishmentoflow-carbonindustriesandtransitionofeconomicdevelopmentpatternaresetforth.

简介：Thispaperdiscussesthebasicconceptandconnotationofpopulationmodernization.TheauthorbrieflyanalyzestheactualityofpopulationmodernizationinChina,givessomeadviceandputsforwardsomemeasures.

简介：CorporateEnvironmentalResponsibility(CER)isthesubsystemofCorporateSocialResponsibility(CSR),whichcontinuestoincreaseprominenceintheglobaleconomy.Nowadays,CERbecomesmoreimportantincorporatesustainabledevelopment.BasedonCarroll’spyramidmodeofCSR,thisarticleexploresthesystematicfeatureofCER.Fromasystematicperspective,itsortsoutitselements,structure,function,andprinciplesofCER.Andthefourlevelsofeconomic,legal,ethical,andcharitablestructureareemphasized.Withtheseconsiderationsinterpretedintopractice,successwillbeachievedinpotentialcostsavings,technologicalinnovation,increasedpublicacceptance,andbetterrelationswithgovernments.

简介：Chinaisexperiencingaprocessofrapidindustrializationandurbanizationatthecostofagriculturallandandenvironment,particularlyinthecostalareas.ThisstudytakesJinanasacasepresentingatime-seriesanalysisofurbanlandexpansionfrom313to2003.TheresultsshowthattheurbanexpansionofJinancitymainlytookplaceinthelast100years,especiallyaftertheeconomicreformin1978.Socialdevelopmentandeconomicgrowth,urbanpopulationgrowthandmigrationpolicieswerefactorsdrivingtheurbanlandexpansion.Urbansprawlresultedinadisappearanceofwetlandsandagreatlossofagriculturalland,andover-pumpingofgroundwaterthatledtodisappearanceofthecity'sfeature,namely"thecityofsprings".

简介：

简介：ThisstudyaimstoinvestigatetheeffectoftheimpactmechanismofclimatechangeonthelivestockproductionatsmallwatershedlevelandcountylevelwiththeMulti-levelModel(MLM)inQinghaiProvince.Theresultindicatedthatthegrosslivestockoutputvaluewasgreatlyinfluencedbytheclimaticfactorsofthesmallwatershedlevel.Highertemperaturepromotedalsobytheincreaseofprecipitation,relativehumidityandsunshinedurationwasfoundtobebeneficialtothedevelopmentoflivestockproduction,exceptinsomeareaswheretemperatureriserestrainedthedevelopmentoflocallivestockproductiontosomedegreewhenexceedingacertainlevel;besides,theimpactofthesocioeconomicfactorsonthelivestockoutputvalueisobviousatthecountylevel.ThegrosseconomicoutputmeasuredwithGDPhassomeinhibitoryeffectsonthereinvestmentoflivestockproduction,whilepopulationgrowthpromotesdevelopmentoflivestockproductiontosomedegree.TheresultsnotonlyprovidescientificbasisforthemanagementoflivestockproductioninQinghaiProvince,butalsoprovidereferenceforformulatingthepoliciesandadaptationmeasurestargetedatclimatechangetopromotethesustainabledevelopmentoflivestockproductioninotherregions.