简介：Statisticalapproachesforevaluatingcausaleffectsandfordiscoveringcausalnetworksarediscussedinthispaper.Acausalrelationbetweentwovariablesisdifferentfromanassociationorcorrelationbetweenthem.Anassociationmeasurementbetweentwovariablesandmaybechangeddramaticallyfrompositivetonegativebyomittingathirdvariable,whichiscalledYule-Simpsonparadox.WeshalldiscusshowtoevaluatethecausaleffectofatreatmentorexposureonanoutcometoavoidthephenomenaofYule-Simpsonparadox.Surrogatesandintermediatevariablesareoftenusedtoreducemeasurementcostsordurationwhenmeasurementofendpointvariablesisexpensive,inconvenient,infeasibleorunobservableinpractice.Therehavebeenmanycriteriaforsurrogates.However,itispossiblethatforasurrogatesatisfyingthesecriteria,atreatmenthasapositiveeffectonthesurrogate,whichinturnhasapositiveeffectontheoutcome,butthetreatmenthasanegativeeffectontheoutcome,whichiscalledthesurrogateparadox.Weshalldiscusscriteriaforsurrogatestoavoidthephenomenaofthesurrogateparadox.Causalnetworkswhichdescribethecausalrelationshipsamongalargenumberofvariableshavebeenappliedtomanyresearchfields.Itisimportanttodiscoverstructuresofcausalnetworksfromobserveddata.Weproposearecursiveapproachfordiscoveringacausalnetworkinwhichastructurallearningofalargenetworkisdecomposedrecursivelyintolearningofsmallnetworks.Furthertodiscovercausalrelationships,wepresentanactivelearningapproachintermsofexternalinterventionsonsomevariables.Whenwefocusonthecausesofaninterestoutcome,insteadofdiscoveringawholenetwork,weproposealocallearningapproachtodiscoverthesecausesthataffecttheoutcome.

简介：Ultra-steelProjectperformedatNationalInstituteforMaterialsScience(NIMS)1997-2005proposed'Breakthroughsforinnovationbysteelscience'.Themainconceptswerecomposedofdecreasingtheenvironmentalload,noorlessspecialalloyingelementsandsaferinfrastructurewithreducedthetotallifecost.Four'doublestrengthanddoublelife'steelsweredevelopedasfollows:①800MPa-classecologicallybeneficialsteelsforweldedstructures,②1500MPasteelswithhighresistancetofracture,③advancedferriticsteelsfor650C-USCboilersand④Ultra-steelsforstructuresinmarineandoffshoreenvironments.Worldsteelsocietyisstillgrowingwiththreateninglimitsofresourcesandenergy.Applicationoftheultra-steelideaswouldbeincreasinglyhelpfulfortheglobalsustainability.ThetalkwillintroducetherecentprogressinsteelresearchatNIMS,basedontheprojectaccomplishments.

简介：Basedonthecontinuoushot(aluminizing)galvanizinglinesandrelatednon-standardequipmentofMeishanSteel,thispaperpresentsthemaincontentsofsuchintegratedengineeringanddesigningofequipmentforthetwohot-dippedgalvanizinglines,aswellasinnovativetechniquesandtheirfeatures.LedbyColdRollingProjectDepartmentofMeishanSteel,BaosteelEngineeringandTechnologyGroupCo.,Ltd.,workingastheresponsibleunitofthisproject,developskeytechnologiesandintegratesthesystembycombiningtheequipmentdesignanddevelopmentcapacityofBaosteelEngineering,researchanddevelopmentcapacityofResearchInstituteofBaosteel,processproductionandequipmentmaintenanceexperienceofColdRollingPlant,EquipmentDepartmentandManufactureDepartmentofBaosteelCorporation.Coretechnologiesofthetwolinesaredevelopedanddesignedthroughoriginalandintegratedinnovationandinnovationafterdigestion,focusingoneightcoretechniquesinprocessequipment,annealingfurnace,fluidinstallationandEICsystem.Asaresultofintegrationinkeyprocessequipment,industrialfurnaceandEICcontrol,thecoldrollinghotdipped(aluminizing)galvanizinglinestakeonanewlookandreachanannualcapacityof200000tgalvanizedproductsand250000tgalvanizedaluminiumbasestripsrespectively.Thesetwoworldadvancedlinesareabletoproducehot-dippedgalvanizingproductswithhighqualitysurfaceandfineshape,suchashouseholdapplianceboardandseniorconstructionboard.Asaresult,theprocessandequipmenttechnologyofthelineshaveformeddomesticintellectualproperty.Thus,thetechnologyhasreferencevalueforself-integrationandequipmenttechnologyinnovationofsimilarlines.