简介:我国西部荒漠地区约有自然和人工湿地96180km2,这些湿地按成因分为断层陷落积水成湿地,冰川湖湿地,地下水浅出湿地,灌溉退水湿地和人工湿地.栖息着《湿地公约》规定的水禽142种,占我国水禽种数的54.8%,其中繁殖种类74种,占52.1%.列入国家野生动物重点保护名录的26种,占18.3%,占我国列入保护名录水禽种数的50.0%.列入《濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)的12种,占8.4%;列入《中日候鸟及其栖息环境保护协定》的84种,占59.2%.荒漠地区湿地对水禽迁徙、繁殖、越冬有着特殊重要的作用.自然环境改变,尤其气候变干旱和人类活动严重影响着荒漠地区湿地的存在,对水禽的物种多样性和种群数量产生了强烈影响.应加强荒漠地区湿地保护.
简介:Sandydesertificationislanddegradationcharacterizedbywinderosionmainlyresultedfromtheexcessivehumanactivitiesinarid,semiaridandpartofsub-humidregionsinnorthernChina.Theresearchonsandydesertificationhasexperiencedmorethan5decadesofarduouscourseofthestrugglealongwiththeestablishmentanddevelopmentofChina′sdesertscience.Researchesinthisfieldhavemadeagreatcontributiontothenationaleconomicconstruction,andenvironmentalprotection.Thispaperfocusesonpresentingthemajorprogressandachievementsinthesandydesertificationresearchduringthelast50years,includingthestagesofstudyonsandydesertification,backgroundenvironmentofsandydesertificationanditschanges,theconception,causes,process,monitoringandassessmentofsandydesertification,thevegetationsuccession,landscapeecology,plantphysiology,impactsonecosystem,high-effectiveuseofwaterandlandresourcesandsustainabledevelopmentinsandydesertifiedregions,sandydesertificationcontrolmodelsandtechniquesetc.
简介:在人工湿地生态工程中利用黑麦草(LoliumperenneL.)净化污水,得到了较好的效果.结果表明:利用黑麦草在冬春季节的生长,可使亚热带地区人工湿地常年运行,黑麦草在3~4月份对水体就有明显的净化作用.在春夏季节,特别在5月份黑麦草可以获得较高的生物量和N、P的积累量,因而净化贡献最大.从产草量方面考虑,延长黑麦草的生长期能获得较高的生物量;从植物体所含营养物质状况和饲用价值看,增加收割次数的黑麦草N、P含量高,饲用价值高;但从黑麦草对污水中N、P的吸收和积累量方面考虑,收割次数过高则不利于黑麦草对污水的净化及N、P的累积.从上述几方面综合考虑,在黑麦草整个生长期收割次数以2~3次为宜.