简介:2009年4~10月,在女山湖荷花湖区、大湖面湖区和焦成圩湖区3个断面9个采样点进行采样,对女山湖底栖动物的群落特征和生物多样性进行了调查,共采集到底栖动物34种,其中寡毛类5种,多毛类1种,蛭类2种,水生昆虫7种,软体动物19种。寡毛类中的颤蚓(Tubifexsp.)和苏氏尾鳃蚓(Branchiurasowerbyi),水生昆虫中的前突摇蚊(Procladius)为底栖动物中的代表种类;中华园田螺(Cipangopaludinachinensis)、纹沼螺(Parafossarulusstritula)和淡水壳菜(Limnopernalacustris)为软体动物代表种类。底栖动物的合计平均密度为517.4个/m2,合计平均生物量为188.2g/m2。在各类群中,软体动物、寡毛类和水生昆虫的生物量位于前三位。利用Shannon-Wiener指数法和生物指数法对女山湖水体污染状况进行了分析,二者的分析结果稍有差异。所有采样点底栖动物的Shannon-Wiener指数变化在2.25~2.38之间,3个断面采样点的水质都为轻度污染;所有采样点底栖动物的生物指数变化在6.4~7.6之间,大湖面湖区断面采样点的水质清洁,荷花湖区断面和焦成圩湖区断面采样点的水质为轻度污染。
简介:为了探究湿地植物香蒲(Typhaorientalis)根内生细菌在不同培养基环境下组成多样性与生态学意义,以北京市密云段白河人工湿地香蒲根为研究对象,采用LB培养基、R2A培养基、YG培养基联合的分离培养方法,研究香蒲根内生可培养细菌群落及其在不同培养基环境下群落结构及功能特征差异。研究结果显示,从不同培养基细菌群落丰富度看,LB培养基(152株有效菌株,12个菌属,29个菌种)分离的香蒲根内生细菌效果相对较好,R2A培养基(68株菌株,9个菌属,23个菌种)和YG培养基(85株菌株,10个菌属,19个菌属)分离的内生细菌效果相差不大。从不同培养基优势类群组成结构看,从3种培养基中分离的内生细菌都属于g-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)类群,并且在LB培养基、R2A培养基和YG培养基中最优势属分别为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)(47株)、拉恩氏菌属(Rahnella)(17株)和拉恩氏菌属(34株)。从不同培养基分离的菌株功能特征,在LB培养基中,参与除碳(3.95%)、重金属(15.13%)和有机污染物(8.55%)的菌株所占比例最高;在R2A培养基中,参与除磷(10.29%)的菌株所占比例最高;在YG培养基中,参与除氮(76.47%)的菌株所占比例最高;同时,分别在YG培养基(10.59%)和R2A培养基(13.24%)中分离到较多的抑制病原菌的菌株和致病菌。
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简介:Glacierinventorycompilationduringthepast20yearsandmodificationsofthatfortheEasternPamirandBanggongLakeindicatethatthereare46,342modernglacierswithatotalareaandvolumeof59415km2and5601km3respectivelyinChina.Theseglacierscanbeclassifiedintomaritimeandcontinental(includingsub-continentalandextremelycontinental)types.ResearchesshowthatglaciersinChinahavebeenretreatingsincetheLittleIceAgeandthemasswastagewasacceleratedduringthepast30to40years.BeinganimportantpartofglaciologicalstudiesinChina,icecoreclimaticandenvironmentalstudiesonTibetanPlateauandintheAntarcticahaveprovidedabundant,highresolutioninformationaboutpastclimaticandenvironmentalevolutionovertheTibetanPlateauandAntarctica.ExceptfordifferentparametersrecordedinicecoresrelatingtoclimateandenvironmentchangesonTibetanPlateau,recordsfromicecoresextractedfromdifferentglaciersshowthatthediscrepanciesinclimaticandenvironmentalchangesonthenorthandsouthpartsoftheplateaumaybetheconsequenceofdifferentinfluencingeffectsfromterrestrialandsolarsources.GlaciologicalandmeteorologicalphenomenaimplythatLambertGlaciervalleyisanimportantboundaryofclimateintheeastAntarctica,whichisthoughttobeconnectedwithcyclonicactivitiesandCircum-polarWavesovertheAntarctica.
简介:PermafrostinChinaincludeshighlatitudepermafrostinnortheasternChina,alpinepermafrostinnorthwesternChinaandhighplateaupermafrostontheTibetanPlateau.Thehighaltitudepermafrostisabout92%ofthetotalpermafrostareainChina.Thesouthboundaryorlowerlimitoftheseasonallyfrozengroundisdefinedinaccordancewiththe0℃isothermallineofmeanairtemperatureinJanuary,whichisroughlycorrespondingtothelineextendingfromtheQinlingMountainstotheHuaiheRiverintheeastandtothesoutheastboundaryoftheTibetanPlateauinthewest.SeasonalfrozengroundoccursinlargepartsoftheterritoryinnorthernChina,includingNortheast,North,NorthwestChinaandtheTibetanPlateauexceptforpermafrostregions,andaccountingforabout55%ofthelandareaofChina.Thesouthernlimitofshort-termfrozengroundgenerallyswingssouthandnorthalongthe25°northernlatitudeline,occurringinthewetandwarmsubtropicmonsoonclimaticzone.Itsareaislessthan20%ofthelandareaofChina.
简介:中国是一个洪水多发国家,洪水灾害平均每年给中国造成约千亿元的直接经济损失。成功的洪水风险管理离不开公众的参与,了解公众对环境风险的认知是设计有效风险沟通策略的关键,也是促进公众认识提升与行为转变的重要环节。本研究回顾了公众对洪水风险的相关认知,系统梳理了风险认知研究范式、洪水风险认知的测量及其影响因素。现有研究表明,公众居住地的地理特征与洪水风险认知存在显著的相关关系:居住地距离洪水风险源越近,洪水风险认知越高;居住地相对洪水风险源海拔越高,洪水风险认知越低。女性、年龄较高的人群更关注洪水风险,而教育程度、收入水平与洪水风险认知则没有显著相关关系。受灾经历是影响洪水风险认知的重要因素,有过受灾经历的公众会有较高的洪水风险认知和较强的应对灾害的行为。公众对洪水风险管理的信任程度也将影响公众的洪水风险认知。本研究对洪水风险认知的测量指标和测量方法做了梳理和评述,并提出今后洪水风险认知研究可能拓展的方向,如探索公众洪水风险认知对行为改变的作用,以及对洪水风险管理的影响。
简介:植被格局是指植被在生活空间中的位置和布局状况,是物种生物学特性和外界环境因子综合作用的结果。湿地植被在景观上总是沿着某个环境梯度呈较明显的带状分布特点,但是关于带状分布形成的机理目前还不是很清楚。大量事实表明,湿地植被格局不仅受制于湿地自身自然环境状况(包括非生物和生物因素),同时也取决于湿地植物种的生物学特性,并且受到人类干扰活动的影响。具体成因如下:非生物因素主要包括气候、地貌、水文和土壤等,这些因素通过对水、热、光和营养等因子的分配而在不同尺度上影响湿地植被的组成和分布,其中,水位和盐度梯度分别是淡水和盐沼湿地植被格局形成的主导因子。生物因素主要包括竞争和植食作用,高竞争力物种采用迅速繁殖和扩散的策略成为优势物种直接影响植被的分布,植食作用则可能通过改变植物间竞争关系而影响植物分布。物种生物学特性主要包括胁迫忍耐力及繁殖和定居能力等,如洪水忍耐力高的物种往往分布在最高水位的区域,繁殖和定居能力强的物种能使自身在复杂环境下取得竞争优势。人类活动可以通过改变湿地生态系统中的非生物因素和生物因素的相互关系来影响植被分布格局。针对当前研究的现状,今后的研究应在淡水湿地系统植被成因,生物因素如植物间相互作用以及植物自身关系的权衡对格局的影响,微生物作用对植被格局的影响,野外控制实验四个方面进一步加强。
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简介:Sandydesertificationislanddegradationcharacterizedbywinderosionmainlyresultedfromtheexcessivehumanactivitiesinarid,semiaridandpartofsub-humidregionsinnorthernChina.Theresearchonsandydesertificationhasexperiencedmorethan5decadesofarduouscourseofthestrugglealongwiththeestablishmentanddevelopmentofChina′sdesertscience.Researchesinthisfieldhavemadeagreatcontributiontothenationaleconomicconstruction,andenvironmentalprotection.Thispaperfocusesonpresentingthemajorprogressandachievementsinthesandydesertificationresearchduringthelast50years,includingthestagesofstudyonsandydesertification,backgroundenvironmentofsandydesertificationanditschanges,theconception,causes,process,monitoringandassessmentofsandydesertification,thevegetationsuccession,landscapeecology,plantphysiology,impactsonecosystem,high-effectiveuseofwaterandlandresourcesandsustainabledevelopmentinsandydesertifiedregions,sandydesertificationcontrolmodelsandtechniquesetc.