简介:研究了纳帕海高原湿地不同利用方式对土壤质量的影响,结果表明,天然沼泽和浅水沼泽草甸,排水疏干后用于放牧的草甸、垦后湿地相比,土壤有机质分别减少了4.33%、7.32%和5.64%,全氮分别减少了0.1%、0.33%和0.16%,除垦后湿地速效钾和速效磷含量较高外,速效养分呈现和有机质、全氮一样的变化趋势,均随人为活动干扰加剧而不断下降,土壤酶活性中蛋白酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性与土壤有机质等肥力因子存在显著相关性.垦后湿地土壤养分含量和酶活性较高,土壤质量改善,这与人为大量施用有机肥和周围山上水土流失带下土壤养分汇集有关,但其湿地环境已完全转化为旱生环境,湿地功能丧失.综合土壤性质10项指标计算的土壤退化指数表明,与天然沼泽比较,沼泽草甸和草甸湿地均出现退化现象,垦后湿地环境完全改变,应及时进行保护和恢复,退耕还湿.
简介:[1]AnZS,WeiLY,LuYC,1985,ApreliminarystudyofsoilstratigraphyinLuochuanloessprofile.QuaternarySciences,6(1):166-173.(inChinese)[2]AnZS,KutzbacchJE,PrellWLetal.,2001.EvolutionofAsianmonsoonsandphasedupliftoftheHimalaya-TibetanplateausinceLateMiocenetimes.Nature,411:62-66.[3]BarbaraAM,1995.PalaeorainfallreconstructionsfrompedogenicmagneticsusceptibilityvariationintheChineseloessandpalaeosol.QuaternaryResearch,44(3):383-391.[4]DerbyshireE,MengXM,KempRA,1998.Provenance,transportandcharacteristicsofmodemaeoliandustinwesternGansuProvince,China,andinterpretationoftheQuaternaryloessrecord.JournalofAridEnvironments,39:497-516.[5]DingZL,LiuDS,LiuXMetal.,1989.37cyclessince2.5Ma.ChineseScienceBulletin,34(19):1494-1496.[6]DingZL,RutterNW,SunJMetal.,2000.Re-arrangementofatmosphericcirculationatabout2.6MaovernorthernChina:evidencefromgrainsizerecordsofloess-palaeosolandredclaysequences.QuaternaryScienceReviews,19:547-558.[7]DuJ,ZhaoJB,2004.SoilerosionregularitysinceHoloceneinShaolingtablelandofChang′an.JournalofDesertResearch,24(1):63-67.(inChinese)[8]FengZD,WangHB,OlsonCetal.,2004.Chronolgicaldiscordbetweenthelastinterglacialpaleosol(S1)anditsparentmaterialintheChineseLoessPlateau.QuaternaryInternational,117:17-26.[9]GuoZT,LiuDS,FedoroffNetal.,1998.ClimateextremesinloessofChinacoupledwiththestrengthofdeep-waterformationintheNorthAtlantic.GlobalandPlanetaryChange,18:113-128.[10]GuoZT,WillamFRuddiman,HaoQZetal.,2002.OnsetofAsiandesertificationby22MyragoinferredfromloessdepositsinChina.Nature,416:159-163.[11]HeinrichH,1988.OriginandconsequenceofcycliciceraftinginthenortheastAtlanticOceanduringpast130000years.QuaternaryResearch,29:142-152.[12]KempRA,DerbyshireE,
简介:Glacierinventorycompilationduringthepast20yearsandmodificationsofthatfortheEasternPamirandBanggongLakeindicatethatthereare46,342modernglacierswithatotalareaandvolumeof59415km2and5601km3respectivelyinChina.Theseglacierscanbeclassifiedintomaritimeandcontinental(includingsub-continentalandextremelycontinental)types.ResearchesshowthatglaciersinChinahavebeenretreatingsincetheLittleIceAgeandthemasswastagewasacceleratedduringthepast30to40years.BeinganimportantpartofglaciologicalstudiesinChina,icecoreclimaticandenvironmentalstudiesonTibetanPlateauandintheAntarcticahaveprovidedabundant,highresolutioninformationaboutpastclimaticandenvironmentalevolutionovertheTibetanPlateauandAntarctica.ExceptfordifferentparametersrecordedinicecoresrelatingtoclimateandenvironmentchangesonTibetanPlateau,recordsfromicecoresextractedfromdifferentglaciersshowthatthediscrepanciesinclimaticandenvironmentalchangesonthenorthandsouthpartsoftheplateaumaybetheconsequenceofdifferentinfluencingeffectsfromterrestrialandsolarsources.GlaciologicalandmeteorologicalphenomenaimplythatLambertGlaciervalleyisanimportantboundaryofclimateintheeastAntarctica,whichisthoughttobeconnectedwithcyclonicactivitiesandCircum-polarWavesovertheAntarctica.
简介:PermafrostinChinaincludeshighlatitudepermafrostinnortheasternChina,alpinepermafrostinnorthwesternChinaandhighplateaupermafrostontheTibetanPlateau.Thehighaltitudepermafrostisabout92%ofthetotalpermafrostareainChina.Thesouthboundaryorlowerlimitoftheseasonallyfrozengroundisdefinedinaccordancewiththe0℃isothermallineofmeanairtemperatureinJanuary,whichisroughlycorrespondingtothelineextendingfromtheQinlingMountainstotheHuaiheRiverintheeastandtothesoutheastboundaryoftheTibetanPlateauinthewest.SeasonalfrozengroundoccursinlargepartsoftheterritoryinnorthernChina,includingNortheast,North,NorthwestChinaandtheTibetanPlateauexceptforpermafrostregions,andaccountingforabout55%ofthelandareaofChina.Thesouthernlimitofshort-termfrozengroundgenerallyswingssouthandnorthalongthe25°northernlatitudeline,occurringinthewetandwarmsubtropicmonsoonclimaticzone.Itsareaislessthan20%ofthelandareaofChina.
简介:[1]BrownL,1995.WhoWillFeedChina:Wake-upCallforaSmallPlanet.TheWorldWatchEnvironmentalAlertSeries.NortonandCo.,NewYork,USA.[2]CaiYunlong,1990.Land.In:ZuoDakang(eds.),ADictionaryofModernGeography.Beijing:TheCommercialPress,ppl11.(inChinese)[3]CaoM,MaS,HanC,1995.Potentialproductivityandhumancarryingcapacityofanagro-ecosystem:ananalysisoffoodproductionpotentialofChina.AgriculturalSystems,47:387-414.[4]ChenLiding,WangJun,FuBojieetal.,2001.Land-usechangeinasmallcatchmentofnorthernLoessPlateau,China.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,86(2):163-172.[5]DaiFC,LeeCF,ZhangXH,2003.GIS-basedgeo-environmentalevaluationforurbanland-useplanning:acasestudy.EngineeringGeology,61(4):257-271.[6]DingChengri,2003.LandpolicyreforminChina:assessmentandprospects.LandUsePolicy,20:109-120.[7]FuBojie,WangJun,ChenLidingetal.,2003a.TheeffectsoflanduseonsoilmoisturevariationintheDanangoucatchmentoftheLoessPlateau,China.Catena,54:197-213.[8]FuCongbin,2003b.Potentialimpactsofhuman-inducedlandcoverchangeonEastAsiamonsoon.GlobalandPlanetaryChange,37(3-4):219-229.[9]FischerG,SunLaixiang,2001.Modelbasedanalysisoffutureland-usedevelopmentinChina.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,85(1-3):163-176.[10]GuoXiaomin,NiuDekuietal.,2000.TheexplorationofdevelopingfruitindustrymodewithsoilandwaterconservationinsouthJiangxiarea.ResearchofSoilandWaterConservation,7(3):187-218.(inChinese)[11]HeXiubin,LiZhanbin,HaoMingdeetal.,2003.Down-scaleanalysisforwaterscarcityinresponsetosoil-waterconservationonLoessPlateauofChina.Agriculture,EcosystemsandEnvironment,94:355-361.[12]HeiligGK,1999.CanChinafeeditself?Asystemforevaluationofpolicyoptions.ScienceforGlobalInsight,IIASA,Laxenburg(CD-ROMVers.1.1).[13]HuWei,1997.HouseholdlandtenurereforminChina:itsim
简介:Sandydesertificationislanddegradationcharacterizedbywinderosionmainlyresultedfromtheexcessivehumanactivitiesinarid,semiaridandpartofsub-humidregionsinnorthernChina.Theresearchonsandydesertificationhasexperiencedmorethan5decadesofarduouscourseofthestrugglealongwiththeestablishmentanddevelopmentofChina′sdesertscience.Researchesinthisfieldhavemadeagreatcontributiontothenationaleconomicconstruction,andenvironmentalprotection.Thispaperfocusesonpresentingthemajorprogressandachievementsinthesandydesertificationresearchduringthelast50years,includingthestagesofstudyonsandydesertification,backgroundenvironmentofsandydesertificationanditschanges,theconception,causes,process,monitoringandassessmentofsandydesertification,thevegetationsuccession,landscapeecology,plantphysiology,impactsonecosystem,high-effectiveuseofwaterandlandresourcesandsustainabledevelopmentinsandydesertifiedregions,sandydesertificationcontrolmodelsandtechniquesetc.
简介:AstochasticmodelfordailyprecipitationsimulationinChinawasdevelopedbasedontheframeworkofa′Richardson-type′weathergeneratorthatisanimportanttoolinstudyingimpactsofweather/climateonavarietyofsystemsincludingecosystemandriskassessment.ThepurposeofthisworkistodevelopaweathergeneratorforapplicationsinChina.Thefocusisonprecipitationsimulationsincedeterminationofotherweathervariablessuchastemperatureisdependentonprecipitationsimulation.AframeworkoffirstorderMarkovChainwithGammaDistributionfordailyprecipitationisadoptedinthiswork.Basedonthisframework,fourparametersofprecipitationsimulationforeachmonthat672stationsalloverChinaweredeterminedusingdailyprecipitationdatafrom1961to2000.Comparedwithpreviousworks,ourestimationfortheparameterswasmadeformorestationsandlongerobservations,whichmakestheweathergeneratormoreapplicableandreliable.Spatialdistributionsofthefourparametersareanalyzedinaregionalclimatecontext.Theseasonalvariationsoftheseparametersatfivestationsrepresentingregionaldifferencesarediscussed.Basedontheestimatedmonthlyparametersat672stations,dailyprecipitationsforanyperiodcanbesimulated.A30-yearsimulationwasmadeandcomparedwithobservationsduring1971-2000intermsofannualandmonthlystatistics.Theresultsaresatisfactory,whichdemonstratestheusefulnessoftheweathergenerator.
简介:[1]ChinaCommunicationsSecondHighwaySurveyDesignandResearchInstitute(CCSHSDRI),1996.HighwayDesignHandbook:Subgrade(2ndedn.).Beijing:ChinaCommunicationsPress.(inChinese)[2]GengTading,ChenChuankang,YangWuyangetal.,1978.OnthehighwaynaturalregionalizationofChina.ActaGeographicaSinica,33(1):49-62.(inChinese)[3]HighwayPlanningandDesignInstituteoftheMinistryofCommunications,1986.StandardofClimaticZoningforHighway(JTJ003-86).Beijing:ChinaCommunicationsPress.(inChinese)[4]JillOvik,BjornBirgisson,DavidENewcomb,1999.CharacterizingSeasonalVariationsinFlexiblePavementMaterialProperties.TransportationResearchRecord,1684:1-7.[5]KennedyTKetal.,1994.SuperiorPerformingAsphaltPavement(Superpave):TheProductoftheSHRPAsphaltResearchProgram.SHRP,NationalResearchCouncil,WashingtonD.C.[6]LiBin,1957.Someproblemsaboutregionalizingclimaticzoningforhighway.EngineeringConstruction,5:19-23.(inChinese)[7]LiBin,1959.Explanationsaboutrevisionofnationalclimaticzoningforhighway.Highway,15(SpecialIssue):33-36.(inChinese)[8]LiBin,1980.Chinahighwaynaturalregionalizationofpermafrost.AutomobileandHighway,1:39-55.(inChinese)[9]LiGuishun,1996.TertiaryhighwaynaturalregionalizationofShanxiprovince.ScienceandTechnologyofShanxiCommunication,5:13-18.(inChinese)[10]MaureenAKestler,GordonLHanek,MarkATruebe,2001.Evaluatingmoisturesensorsandmonitoringseasonalmoisturevariationinlow-volumeroads.TransportationResearchRecord,1755:97-107.[11]MohseniA,1996.LTTPSeasonalACPavementTemperatureModels.FHWA,U.S.DepartmentofTransportation,WashingtonD.C.[12]PeterJBosscher,HussainUBahia,SuwithoThomasetal.,1997.Relationshipbetweenpavementtemperatureandweatherdata:Wisconsinfieldstudytoverifysuperpavealgorithm.TransportationResearchRecord,1609:1-11.[13]RabinowSD,RadaGR,TayabjiSDetal.,1993.De
简介:湿地被称为"地球之肾",具有独特的生态结构与功能.中国湿地面积约占全球湿地面积的10%,但近年来湿地面积逐渐萎缩,已造成了极为严重的生态恶果.因此总结以往湿地研究成果,确立包括遥感在内的各种湿地信息提取方法,形成包含各种湿地信息的湿地数据子库和管理操作这些数据的湿地信息系统,并确立湿地信息的共享与发布机制,从而加快湿地科研步伐,成为湿地与遥感科技工作者共同关注的问题.WebGIS技术是GIS融合Internet技术发展起来的新技术,具有对大批量数据进行有效的分析管理和快速的查询检索功能.基于WebGIS技术的中国沼泽信息系统的建立有效地满足了湿地科研和开发保护的需要.
简介:[1]AiNanshan,1999.Makingforfractalphysiognomy.GeographyandTerritorialRes.,15(1):92-96.(inChinese)[2]AiNanshan,1993.FromMandelbrotlandscapetofractalphysiognomy.NatureJ.,16(1):13-17.(inChinese)[3]AiNanshan,ZhuZhijunetal.,1998.OnthestochasticnatureofexogenicprocessandthestabilityoffractionalBrownianlandscape.GeographicalResearch,17(1):23-29.(inChinese)[4]BBMandelbrot,1967.HowlongisthecoastofBritain?Statisticalself-similarityandfractaldimension.Science,150(3775):636-638.[5]ChenHui,GuoShichang,1997.ThemultifractalstudyofchangesofclimateinKunmingarea.ClimaticandEnvironmentResearch,2(4):261-268.(inChinese)[6]ChenYanguang,1999.Geography:thefailureofcomputionmotionandthegrowingupoffractalstudies.JournalofXinyangNormalUniversity(NaturalScienceEdition),12(3):310-314.(inChinese)[7]ChenYanguang,1997.Onfractalsandtouristlandscape.HumanGeography,12(1):62-66.(inChinese)[8]ChenYanguang,WangYimin,1999.Fractal,1/ffluctuationandtheaestheticessenceoftouristresorts.ExplorationofNature,18(3):51-54.(inChinese)[9]ChenYanguang,LiBaolin,2003.StudiesofthefractalnetworkcompositionofriversinJilinprovince,China.AdvanceinEarthSciences,18(2):178-184.(inChinese)[10]DingYizhong,LouYong,1998.Applicationoffractaltheoryintheevaluationontransportationnetwork.JournalofShanghaiMaritimeUniversity,19(4):7-12.(inChinese)[11]DingWenfeng,DingDengshan,2002.ThefractalfeaturesofsoilgranulestructurebeforeandaftervegetationdestructiononLoessPlateau.GeographicalResearch,21(6):700-706.(inChinese)[12]FengJinliang,ZhengLi,1997.Thesimpleanalysisofgeographicsignificanceoffractaldimensionofcoastline.MarineGeologyandQuaternaryGeology,17(1):35-51.(inChinese)[13]HuangGuilan,ZhengZhaobao,1995.Theapplicationoffuzzyclusteranalysisinimagetexturebasedonfractal.JournalofWuha
简介:[1]BiSP,GanN,LuXCetal.,2003.EvaluationofaluminumspeciationinsurfacewatersinChinaanditsenvironmentalriskassessment.Environ.Geol.,45:65-71.[2]ChenJS,1958.LandscapeGeochemistry(ChemicalGeography),Teachingmaterial,DepartmentofGeologyandGeography,PekingUniversity,Beijing.[3]ChenJS,WangFY,LiXDetal.,2000.GeographicalvariationsoftraceelementsinsedimentsofthemajorriversineasternChina.Environ.Geol.,39:1334-1340.[4]ChenJS,WangFY,XiaXHetal.,2002.MajorelementchemistryoftheChangjiang(YangtzeRiver).Chem.Geol.,187(3-4):231-255.[5]ChenJS,HeDW,ZhangNetal.,2004.CharacteristicsofhumaninfluencesonnitrogencontaminationinYellowRiversystem,China.Environ.Mon.Assess.,93(1-3):125-138.[6]ChenJY,TangCY,SakuraYetal.,2002.GroundwaterflowandgeochemistryinthelowerreachesoftheYellowRiver:acasestudyinShandongProvince,China.HydrogeologyJ.,10(5):587-599.[7]ChenZ,HuangGH,ChanCWetal.,2003.Developmentofanexpertsystemfortheremediationofpetroleum-contaminatedsites.Environ.Model.Assess.,8(4):323-334.[8]ChuW,KwanCY,2003.Remediationofcontaminatedsoilbyasolvent/surfactantsystem.Chemosphere,53(1):[9]-159.DongYS,ZhangS,QiYCetal.,2000.FluxesofCO2,N2OandCH4fromatypicaltemperategrasslandinInnerMongoliaanditsdailyvariation.Chin.Sci.Bull.,45(17):1590-1594.[10]FengG,ZhangFS,Li,XLetal.,2002.Uptakeofnitrogenfromindigenoussoilpoolbycottonplantinoculatedwitharbuscularmycorrhizalfungi.Comm.SoilSci.PlantAnal.,33(19-20):3825-3836.[11]FuJM,MaiBX,ShengGYetal.,2003.PersistentorganicpollutantsinenvironmentofthePearlRiverDelta,China:anoverview.Chemosphere,52:1411-1422.[12]GuXY,WangXR,GuZM,2001.Effectsofhumicacidonspeciationandbioavailabilitytowheatofrareearthelementsinsoil.Chem.Spec.Bioavail.,13:83-88.[13]HeMC,WangZJ,TangHX,1998.Theche
简介:[1]AAMillward,JEMersey,2001.Conservationstrategiesforeffectivelandmanagementofprotectedareasusinganerosionpredictioninformationsystem(EPIS).JournalofEnvironmentalManagement,61:329-343.[2]BrianWood,2000.Roomfornature?ConservationmanagementoftheIsleofRumUKandprospectsforlargeprotectedareasinEurope.BiologicalConservation,94:93-105.[3]CesarCantu,RGeraldWright,JMichaelScottetal.,2004.AssessmentofcurrentandproposednaturereservesofMexicobasedontheircapacitytoprotectedgeophysicalfeaturesandbiodiversity.BiologicalConservation,115:411-417.[4]ChenShanghua,2003.AnimalresourceanditsfaunalcharacteristicsofCaiyangheNatureReserve.ForestInventoryandPlanning,28(1):32-36.(inChinese)[5]ChenYong,ZhuXingyu,ZhangZhiguang,2003.Thereviewofthesustainabledevelopmentfornaturereserves.JournalofNanjingForestryUniversity,27(2):79-83.(inChinese)[6]ChuiGuofa,WangXianpu,2000.Developingstatusandthetaskofnaturereservesintheworld.JournalofBeijingForestryUniversity,22(4):123-125.(inChinese)[7]DaiYumei,HanShijie,TangXiaomengetal.,2003.GeneticdiversityofFrankiainNoduleofAlnusinChangbaishanbyIGSPCR-RFLP.JournalofNortheastForestryUniversity,31(6):6-8.(inChinese)[8]DingDongsun,ZengZhijie,ChenChuanfa,2002.FaunaanalysisofinsectfromJiangxiJiulianshanNatureReserve.EntomologicalJournalofEastChina,11(2):10-18.(inChinese)[9]FangYunting,MoJiangming,SandraBrownetal.,2004.StorageanddistributionofsoilorganiccarboninDinghushanBiosphereReserve.ActaEcologicaSinica,24(1):135-142.(inChinese)[10]GeorgeVNPowell,JamesBarborak,MarioRodriguezS,2000.AssessingrepresentativenessofprotectednatureareasinCostaRicaforconservingbiodiversity:apreliminarygapanalysis.BiologicalConservation,93:35-41.[11]HanHairong,MaQinyan,NakayamaNorikazuetal.,2000.StudyonthegeneconservedstandofPinusTabu