简介：Webuiltathree-dimensionalmodeltosimulatethedisturbanceofthestressfieldnearthereversefaultinZhaziao,LeyiTownshipowingtohydraulicfracturing.Theporepressure,andshearandnormalstressesduringfracturingareanalyzedindetail.Inputrockmechanicsparametersaretakenfromlaboratorytestdataofshalesamplesfromthestudyarea.Thesimulationresultssuggestthatafter16hoursoffluidinjection,thepore-pressurevariationcanactivatethereversefault,i.e.,weobservereverseslip,andtheshearstressanddisplacementonthefaultplaneincreasewithtime.Thebiggeststress–strainchangeoccursafteronehouroffluidinjectionandtheyieldpointappearsabout0.5hafterinjection.Toobservethestressevolutionineachsection,thenormaldisplacementontheboundaryisconstrainedandthefaultplaneissetasnonpermeable.Thus,theslidingislimitedandthesheardisplacementisonlyinthescaleofmillimeters,andthecalculatedmagnitudeoftheinducedearthquakesisbetweenMw-3.5andMw-0.2.Thesimulationresultssuggestthatfluidwaterinjectionresultsininhomogeneousfracturing.Themainrupturedareasarearoundtheinjectionpositions,whereastheextentofrupturingandcracksinotherareasarerelativelysmall.Nevertheless,nonnegligiblefaultactivationisrecorded.Sensitivityanalysisofthekeyparameterssuggeststhattheporepressureismostsensitivetothemaximumunbalancedforceandtheinternalfrictionanglestronglyaffectsthefaultslip.Finally,thecomparisonbetweentheeffectivenormalstressandthemaximumandminimumprincipalstressesonthefaultplaneexplainsthefaultinstability,i.e.,theMohrcirclemovestowardstheleftwithdecreasingradiusreducesandintersectsthecriticalslipenvelope,andcausesthefaulttoslip.

简介：Inthispaper,wetheoreticallyandnumericallystudyacombinedmonopole–dipolemeasurementmodetoshowitscapabilitytoovercometheissuesencounteredinconventionalsingle-wellimaging,i.e.,thelowsignal-to-noiseratioofthereflectionsandazimuthambiguity.First,theazimuthambiguity,whichexistsextensivelyinconventionalsingle-wellimaging,issolvedwithanimprovedimagingprocedureusingcombinedmonopole–dipoleloggingdatainadditiontoconventionalloggingdata.Furthermore,wedemonstratethatthedirectwavespropagatingalongtheboreholeswithstrongenergy,canbeeffectivelyeliminatedwiththeproposedcombinedmonopole–dipolemeasurementmode.Thereflectionsarethereforepredominantinthecombinedmonopole–dipoledataevenbeforethesignalsarefiltered;thus,thereflections’arrivaltimesineachreceiverareidentified,whichmayhelpminimizethedifficultiesinfilteringconventionalloggingdata.Theoptimizedprocessingflowofthecombinedmeasurementmodeloggingimageisgiveninthispaper.Theproposedcombinedmonopole–dipolemeasurementmodemayimprovetheaccuracyofsingle-wellimaging.