简介：

简介：目的探讨当前基层医院沙眼防治工作中出现的若干问题。方法对门诊记录的14600例沙眼患者依据年龄、生活习惯、卫生习惯、是否接受正规有效治疗以及复诊等情况进行调查和追踪随访。结果沙眼检出率高达22.86%,这与社会因素、个人的生活卫生习惯、不能接受正规有效的治疗和复诊率低密切相关。结论大力推广WHO的SAFE策略,开展＂防沙＂健康教育工作,规范治疗,降低沙眼患病率,提高沙眼疗效。

简介：目的探讨基层医院开展高龄老人白内障超声乳化吸除术应注意的问题，手术难点及处理对策，旨在减少手术并发症，提高成功率。方法对109只眼，75—84岁老人白内障超声乳化吸除术作回顾性总结和分析。结果术后一周视力0．5以上68只眼，占63％。视力0．1—0．3者14只眼，占13％。0．3—0．5者23只眼，占21％。4只眼未脱盲，占3％术中并发症为后囊破裂，未发生核坠入玻璃体，无严重全是并发症发生，术后并发症主要是角膜水肿，未发生大泡性角膜炎。结论本组病例疗效满意。无严重并发症发生。手术成功的关键是要充分了解高龄白内障老人眼部及全身生理特点，对各种手术并发症的原因和表现有清醒的认识，具备扎实的手术操作技巧。

简介：1手术类型侧颅底恶性肿瘤以鳞状细胞癌居多。颞骨任何部位发生的鳞状细胞癌在手术治疗前,均应先作放疗。颞骨切除的手术有2种方式,一种是整块颞骨连同肿瘤切除,另一种是分块切除,以保存神经血管结构。历史上曾仅靠作乳突根治术来治疗颞骨恶性肿瘤,因疗效差已被扩大的颞骨切除手术替代。颞骨切除术经数十年努力改进,不断扩大切除范围,疗效有所提高,但结果仍不够理想。其原因主要是局部复发。

简介：1适应对象在选择患者作为耳蜗植入器的手术对象时,一般要进行以下逐个项目的询问或检查.1.1邮询筛选许多患者通过来信要求治疗,可借此机会复函,请患者回答以下问题,从中初选有可能的对象,函询内容如：耳聋程度;助听器效果;耳聋起病年龄及可能原因;旁人能听懂本人讲话的程度;患者结合唇形读懂话的能力（包括家属和本人的讲话）;耳流脓或耳手术史;全身健康状况以及经济情况和来院诊治的条件等.

简介：20世纪八十年代，白内障是印度的主要致盲原因，占近80％。印度政府因此实施了一项全国性的白内障防控计划，成功地将白内障患病率从1．49％降至1．1％，将白内障致盲率由80％降至62％。

简介：由海军总医院全军耳鼻咽喉头颈外科中心主办的激光技术在耳鼻咽喉微创外科中的应用学习班将于2009年9月1-4日在河南省焦作市举行。该学习班为国家级继续医学教育项目（编号：2009-07-01-083），授予Ⅰ类继续医学教育学分8分。联系方式：北京市海淀区阜成路6号海军总医院全军耳鼻咽喉头颈外科中心；

简介：<正>DirSir,IamdoctorGuo-YuanYang,fromtheDepartmentofOphthalmologyofWestChinaHospitalofSichuanUniversityinChengdu,SichuanProvince,China.Iwritetopresentacasereportofposteriorlentiglobuswithcataract.

简介：AIM:Tostudythedistributionofocularhigher-orderaberrations(HOAs)andmesopicpupilsizeinindividualsscreenedforrefractivesurgery.·METHODS:OcularHOAsandmesopicpupilsizewerestudiedin2458eyesof1240patientswithmyopia,myopicastigmatismandcompoundmyopicastigmatismand215eyesof110patientswithhyperopia,hyperopicastigmatismandcompoundhyperopicastigmatismusingtheZywaveaberrometer(Busch&Lomb).Allpatientshadcorrectablerefractiveerrorswithoutahistoryofrefractivesurgeryorunderlyingdiseases.Root-mean-squarevaluesofHOAs,totalsphericalaberration,totalcomaandmesopicpupilsizewereanalyzed.OcularHOAsweremeasuredacrossa≥6.0mmpupil,andpupilsizemeasurementswereperformedunderthemesopiccondition.·RESULTS:ThemeanvaluesofHOAs,totalsphericalaberrationandtotalcomainthemyopicgroupwere0.369μm,±0.233,0.133±0.112μmand0.330±0.188μm,respectively.InthehyperopicgroupthemeanvaluesofHOAs,totalsphericalaberrationandtotalcomawere0.418μm±0.214,0.202±0.209μmand0.343±0.201μm,respectively.HyperopesshowedgreatertotalHOAs(P<0.01)andtotalsphericalaberration(P<0.01)comparedtomyopes.Inage-matchedanalysis,onlytheamountoftotalsphericalaberrationwashigherinthehyperopicgroup(P=0.05).Mesopicpupilsizeinthemyopicgroupwaslarger(P≤0.05).·CONCLUSION:TheresultssuggestedthatsignificantlevelsofHOAswerefoundinbothgroupswhichareimportantforplanningrefractivesurgeriesonIranians.Thereweresignificantlyhigherlevelsoftotalsphericalaberrationinhyperopescomparedtomyopes.Mesopicpupilsizewaslargerinmyopicgroup.

简介：目的分析乡镇中心医院开展白内障手术的方法和临床效果.方法采用目前眼科常用的手术仪器设备,巩膜隧道刀和角膜穿刺刀等,对126眼白内障行小切口非超声乳化白内障人工晶体植入手术.结果术后随访3个月,术后视力≦0.3占16.6％,0.3～0.8占76.19％,≧0.8者占7.14％.术中晶体后囊破裂6眼,占4.76％.术后角膜水肿23眼,占18.25％.结论乡镇中心医院设备条件有限,但只要准备充分,严格按手术常规操作,开展该手术亦能取得较为满意的临床疗效.

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheeffectofbrinzolamide-timololfixedcombinationonintraocularpressure(IOP)aftercataractsurgery.METHODS:Thestudyincluded92eyesof87patientswhounderwentcataractsurgeryandintraocularlensimplantation.Patientsscheduledforphacoemulsificationwereassignedto1of2groups.Thetreatmentgroupreceived1dropofbrinzolamide-timololfixedcombinationimmediatelyaftersurgery,andthecontrolgroupreceivednotreatment.TheIOPwasmeasuredpreoperativelyandat2hand24hpostoperatively.RESULTS:ThemeanIOPchangewaslowerinthetreatmentgroupthaninthecontrolgroupat2hpostoperatively.ThedifferencebetweenthemeanIOPvaluesofthetwogroupsat2hpostoperativelywasfoundtobestatisticallysignificant.Twenty-fourhoursafterthesurgery,themeanIOPchangewasstillhigherinthecontrolgroupwhencomparedtothetreatmentgroup.CONCLUSION:ThefixedcombinationbrinzolamidetimololcaneffectivelyreduceIOPaftercataractsurgery.

简介：AIM:Todescribethedesignandpreliminaryresultsofthehospitalbasedepidemiologicalstudyfordiabeticretinopathy(HBESDR),anongoingepidemiologicalstudytoestimatetheprevalenceofdiabeticretinopathy(DR)andtoelucidatetheclinical,anthropometric,biochemicalandanyotherriskfactorsassociatedwithdiabeticretinopathy.METHODS:Totally2000diabeteswillberecruitedfromtheDiabeteseyeclinicintheFirstAffiliatedHospitalofChinaMedicalUniversity.AllsubjectsunderwentbloodsugarestimationandOralGlucoseToleranceTesttodiagnosediabetes.Alldiabeteswouldundergocompletequestionnaire,acomprehensiveeyeexamination.Bloodandurinewouldbecollectedforbiochemicalinvestigations.AllfundusphotographsforanyDRwillbegraded.Participantswhoneedtreatmentwillbesenttotheophthalmicclinicandfollow-upintervalprogramforallsubjectswillbesuggested.Acomputerizeddatabaseiscreatedfortherecords.RESULTS:Todate,1174diabeteshavebeenrecruited,therewere350(29.81%)DRinalldiabetes,mostofthemwerewithmildnon-proliferativediabeticretinopathy(NPDR)(139,39.71%);71(20.29%)moderateNPDR,66(18.86%)severeNPDR,74(21.14%)proliferativediabeticretinopathy(PDR).Females,longerdurationofdiabetes,familyhistoryofdiabetesandhypertensionhadastatisticallysignificantincreaseinriskofanyDR.CONCLUSION:ThestudyisexpectedtoprovideanestimateoftheoverallprevalenceofDRandtheprevalencewithdifferentdurationofdiabetesandalsoabetterunderstandingoftheriskfactorsassociatedwithDR.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatetheantifibroticeffectofthefreeze-driedbilayeredfibrin-bindingamnioticmembraneasadrugdeliverysystemonglaucomasurgeryinrabbitmodel.Theaimofthisstudywastoprepareanovellocaldeliverysystemforthesustainedandcontrollablereleaseof5-Fu.METHODS:Twenty-fourJapanesewhiterabbitswererandomizedintothreegroups:theexperimentalgroup(oculartrabeculectomyincombinationwith5-Fuloadedfreeze-driedbilayeredfibrin-bindingamnioticmembranetransplantation),thecontrolgroup(oculartrabeculectomyincombinationwith5-Fu)andtheblankgroup(singletrabeculectomy).HEstaining,massionstainingandimmunohistochemistryforα-SMAwereperformedondays7,14,21and30followingsurgery.Theconcentrationof5-Fuinrabbitaqueoushumorwasexaminedbyhighperformanceliquidchromatography(HPLC)3daysafterthesurgery.RESULTS:Statisticaldifferenceswerenotedinintraocularpressureamonggroupsonday7,14,21and30followingsurgery.Histologyfurtherdemonstratedthattrabeculectomyincombinationwithfreeze-driedbilayeredfibrin-bindingamnioticmembraneyieldedwellwoundhealingandnoscarformationandwasbeneficialforlongtermeffect.CONCLUSION:HPLCshowedagoodslow-releaseeffectwithfreeze-driedbilayeredfibrin-bindingamnioticmembrane.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethespecialtyoftranscranialsurgerythroughpterionalapproachforremovalofcranio-orbitaltumors,introducetheophthalmologicalexperiencesofenteringtheorbittoreducetheincidencerateofassociatedcomplicationsofthisoperation.·METHODS:Weperformedaretrospectiveanalysisofaseriesof37casesinvolvingpatientswhounderwenttranscranialsurgerythroughpterionalapproachfortreatmentofcranio-orbitaltumorsinourdepartmentinthepast8years.Pterionapproachcraniotomywasperformedtoallpatients.Afterremovingtumorsintheskullbytheneurosurgeon,ophthalmologistremovedtumorsinorbit.Wetookmeasuresbelowtodecreasecomplications,includinggroundingopticcanalthroughanabrasivedrillingwhennecessary,hangingvariousextraocularmusclestobeexposedforprotection,refrigeratingbyrefrigerationheadstoremovetumors,atlastsewinguporbitseptumaftersurgery.·RESULTS:Tumorswereremovedcompletelyin32cases,andincompletein5casesduetoextensiveinvasionintothecavernoussinusorsphenoidsinus.Ofallthecases,benigntumorsweredemonstratedin28cases(75.6%,28/37)andmalignantin9(24.3%,9/37).Themostcommonlesiontypewasmeningiomain11cases(29.7%,11/37).Extraocularmuscles(EOM)impairment,occurringin21cases(56.7%,21/37),wasthemostfrequentpostoperativecomplication.Themostseriousconsequencewasvisionlossoccurredin4cases(10.8%,4/37).Othercomplications,suchas11casesoftransientblepharoptosis29.7%(11/37),5casesofmydriasisin13.5%(5/7);2casesofcerebrospinalrhinorrheain5.4%(2/37).·CONCLUSION:Cranio-orbitaltumorscanberemovedcompletelyusingtranscranialapproach,andthepterionalapproachoffersexcellentexposure.Cooperationofinterdisciplinaryteamofneurosurgeonsandophthalmologistsconducestofulluseofrespectiveprofessionaladvantages.Theexperienceofophthalmicoperationtechnologycandecreaseoccurrenceofocularcomplicationsaftersurger